Interdiction de vente de tabac aux mineurs en France et au Québec. Comparaison du cadre législatif,de son application,et du tabagisme des adolescents

Background

Prohibition of tobacco sales to minors is a provision of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on tobacco control. This measure is effective to reduce youth tobacco use, if the legislation adopted is properly implemented and enforced. Through the examples of France and Quebec, the objective of this study is to compare legislative frameworks prohibiting tobacco sales to minors, their enforcement, and possible impact on underage smoking.

经椎旁肌间隙入路与微创经皮入路手术治疗胸腰椎骨折的效果比较

目的比较胸腰椎骨折患者接受经椎旁肌间隙入路与微创经皮入路手术治疗的效果及关节功能。方法回顾性分析2014年4月-2015年10月在该院接受内固定手术治疗的胸腰椎骨折患者,根据手术入路不同分为椎旁入路组和经皮微创组,分别接受经椎旁肌间隙入路与微创经皮入路手术治疗。比较两组患者的手术情况、围手术期血清创伤分子含量以及远期功能恢复情况和矫正畸形效果。结果椎旁入路组的手术时间明显短于经皮微创组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术中出血量、术后引流量、术后卧床时间、住院总时间与经皮微创组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者术后当天的血清肌酸激酶(CK)、肌红蛋白(Myo)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)含量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),术后3、6和12个月时的伤椎前后缘高度比、Cobb角、视觉模拟评分(VAS)比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论椎旁肌间隙入路与微创经皮入路手术治疗胸腰椎骨折的效果和创伤程度相当,椎旁肌间隙入路的手术操作更为简单、手术时间更短。     

The Chinese National Twin Registry: a ‘gold mine’ for scientific research

The Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR) currently includes data from 61 566 twin pair from 11 provinces or cities in China. Of these, 31 705, 15 060 and 13 531 pairs are monozygotic, same‐sex dizygotic and opposite‐sex dizygotic pairs, respectively, determined by opposite sex or intrapair similarity. Since its establishment in 2001, the CNTR has provided an important resource for analysing genetic and environmental influences on chronic diseases especially cardiovascular diseases. Recently, the CNTR has focused on collecting biologic specimens from disease‐concordant or disease‐discordant twin pairs or from twin pairs reared apart. More than 8000 pairs of these twins have been registered, and blood samples have been collected from more than 1500 pairs. In this review, we summarize the main findings from univariate and multivariate genetic effects analyses, gene–environment interaction studies, omics studies exploring DNA methylation and metabolomic markers associated with phenotypes. There remains further scope for CNTR research and data mining. The plan for future development of the CNTR is described. The CNTR welcomes worldwide collaboration.